Develop and improve products. List of Partners vendors. Hans Eysenck was born in Germany but moved to England after turning 18 and spent most of his working life there. His research interests were wide-ranging, but he is perhaps best known for his theories of personality and intelligence.
Eysenck's theory of personality focused on temperaments, which he believed were largely controlled by genetic influences. He later added a third dimension known as psychoticism.
Eysenck was a hugely influential figure in psychology. At the time of his death in , he was the most-frequently cited psychologist in scientific journals. Despite this influence, he was also a controversial figure.
His suggestion that racial differences in intelligence were due to genetics rather than environment generated a tremendous amount of conflict. Learn more about his life and influence on psychology in this brief biography. Hans Eysenck was born in Germany to parents who were both noted film and stage actors.
After his parents divorced when he was only two, he was raised almost entirely by his grandmother. His antipathy toward Hitler and the Nazis led him to move to England when he was Because of his German citizenship, he found it difficult to find work in England. He eventually went on to earn a Ph.
He later founded the psychology department at the University of London Institute of Psychiatry, where he continued to work until He served as Professor Emeritus at the school until his death in He was also an extremely prolific writer. Over the course of his career, he published more than 75 books and over 1, journal articles.
Prior to his death, he was the most frequently cited living psychologist. In addition to being one of the most famous psychologists, he was also one of the most controversial. In the paper, Eysenck reported that two-thirds of therapy patients improved significantly or recovered within two years, regardless of whether or not they received psychotherapy. He was also a vocal critic of psychoanalysis, dismissing it as unscientific. You can hear Eysenck describe his views on Freudian theory and psychoanalytic treatment in this video: Hans J.
Eysenck, Ph. Lifetalk with Roberta Russell on Psychoanalysis. The greatest controversy surrounding Eysenck was his view of the heritability of intelligence , more specifically his view that racial differences in intelligence could be partially attributed to genetic factors.
His autobiography took a more moderate view that ascribed greater importance to the role of environment and experience in shaping intelligence. While Hans Eysenck was certainly a controversial figure, his wide-ranging research had a major influence on psychology. In addition his work in personality and intelligence, he also played a major role in establishing approaches to clinical training and psychotherapy that were firmly rooted in empirical research and science.
Eysenck, H. Dimensions of Personality. Handy printed packs of revision flashcards to support students preparing for assessments, mocks and final exams. Printed revision guides to support effective preparation for important exams. Short exam-style and exam-standard assessment papers with mark schemes to help test specific units or key topics in the relevant specification. Cart mytutor2u mytutor2u. Psychology Explore Psychology Search Go. Psychology Topics.
If not, do you think these are still the three most essential dimensions? Eysenck believed strongly in the inheritance of personality and intelligence. If it is true that genetics plays a major role in personality, then evolution should provide us with an interesting test: do other primate species demonstrate the same superfactors that we see in humans? Eysenck examined this question in conjunction with Harry Harlow. After conducting factor analysis on the social behavior of rhesus monkeys, they found three clear behavior factors: affectionate, fearful, and hostile social behavior.
These factors match well with the human factors of extraversion, neuroticism, and psychoticism, respectively. Of course, there were marked differences between animals, but those differences were characteristic and reliable for each monkey. Whether heredity or learning is more important in personality development remains unclear.
Eysenck, for his part, acknowledged the points made by Loehlin, and expressed hope that continued research in the future would help to better clarify the role of genetics in determining behavior, intelligence, and personality Eysenck, In , he published Psychology is About People , which included jokes about psychology and psychiatry, as well as topics as diverse as sex, socialism, education, pornography, and behaviorism Eysenck, In Uses and Abuses of Psychology he challenged the stereotypes associated with views on national character, and urged the learning of facts about other cultures numerous other topics are covered as well; Eysenck, In Sense and Nonsense in Psychology he examined such things as hypnosis, lie detectors, telepathy, interpreting dreams, and politics:.
If it be true that there are more things in heaven and earth than are dreamed of in our philosophy, it is surely equally true that things are dreamed of in our philosophy which do not appear in heaven or on earth. Eysenck wrote extensively about sex and personality, and the role that violence and the media may play in distorting sexuality e. He also wrote about the relationship between personality and criminal behavior e. Like Cattell, Jensen, and others, Eysenck was very much caught up in the controversy over racial differences in intelligence testing see, e.
Eysenck, however, offered something for the average person, two books on how to measure your own I. Eysenck, , Late in his career, Eysenck offered an interesting reflection on his decision to focus most of his career on differences between people, as opposed to the uniqueness of each person:. Gordon Allport and I did not always see eye to eye on theoretical matters. I remember very well him telling me that he thought every psychologist should write his autobiography at the end of his life, to see the unities that emerged in his conduct over a lengthy period of time.
This idiographic point of view contrasted very much with my own nomothetic one, and at the time I paid little attention to it.
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