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Full name. Email address. Company name. Company phone Optional. Your message. Indeed, every teacher is expected to be a Muslim by birth or conversion. Women are more likely to recover sooner from birth and less likely to experience post-partum depression. Advanced maternal age dramatically increases the risk of maternal mortality as well as birth defects like Down Syndrome.
Her focus would be on the three months, January through March , that gave birth to the Voting Rights Act. Nothing much to use in cleaning up the baby and his mother after the birth , no place to dispose of the placenta. A native of Haarlem on Zandam, the date of her birth being unknown. Though by birth duke of St. Cloud, he preferred the ecclesiastical state to political distinction. Parents who have concerns about another specific birth defect might be able to have their baby tested for it.
They should talk to their health care provider about it before the baby is born. Many birth defects can't be prevented, but a woman can do some things before and during pregnancy to help lower the chances of having a baby with a birth defect. If there's a family history of birth defects or a woman is part of a high-risk group, she should consider meeting with a genetic counselor to determine her baby's risk. During pregnancy, it's important to take prenatal vitamins and eat a healthy diet in addition to taking the following precautions:.
By following these pregnancy precautions, women can help reduce their babies' risk of birth defects. Reviewed by: Steven Dowshen, MD. Larger text size Large text size Regular text size. What Are Birth Defects? What Are the Types of Birth Defects? What Causes Birth Defects? Environmental Causes If a mother has certain infections such as toxoplasmosis during pregnancy, her baby can have a birth defect. Genetic Causes Every cell in the body has chromosomes containing genes that determine a person's unique characteristics.
We cannot exclude the possibility that the associations between paternal identity and adverse neonatal outcomes are biased for reasons such as systematic under-reporting for women with adverse neonatal outcomes, particularly when a baby is born premature or stillborn. Given the severity of the findings, further studies on unknown paternal identity in the register are warranted.
In conclusion, we found that a foreign-born father was associated with adverse neonatal outcomes among births to migrant women, but to a lesser degree among births to nonmigrant women, when compared with a Norwegian-born father. Abstract Background Migration is a risk factor for adverse neonatal outcomes. Conclusion We found that a foreign-born father was associated with adverse neonatal outcomes among births to migrant women, but to a lesser degree among births to nonmigrant women, when compared with a Norwegian-born father.
Author summary Why was this study done? It is well documented that subgroups of migrant women are at increased risk of adverse neonatal outcomes. Few studies have examined the association between paternal origin on adverse neonatal outcomes in migrant women.
What did the researchers do and find? We investigated associations between paternal origin and adverse neonatal outcomes in births to migrant and Norwegian-born women who gave birth in Norway between and Separate analyses were conducted for , births to migrant women and, for comparison, 1,, births to Norwegian-born women.
In births to migrant women, a foreign-born or unregistered father of the child was associated with higher odds of adverse outcomes when compared with a Norwegian-born father.
In births to Norwegian-born women, a foreign-born father of the child was associated with increased odds of small for gestational age SGA and decreased odds of moderately preterm birth when compared to births for which the father was Norwegian-born.
What do these findings mean? Foreign paternal origin is associated with adverse neonatal outcomes in births to migrant women. Greater focus on missing information on paternal origin may help identify women in maternity care at risk for adverse neonatal outcomes. Introduction With an increasing number of babies born to migrant parents, the needs of migrant families in maternity care have been declared a priority for research and action by the World Health Organization [ 1 ].
Methods Study design This population-based register study included births to migrant women giving birth in Norway between the 1st of January and 31st of December Download: PPT. Fig 1. Paternal factors Paternal origin was based on information on paternal country of birth retrieved from Statistics Norway Norwegian-born, foreign-born, or unregistered. Adverse neonatal outcomes The main outcomes were very preterm birth, moderately preterm birth, SGA, low Apgar score, and stillbirth.
Table 1. Fig 2. Proportion of births to migrant and Norwegian-born women giving birth in Norway — by maternal region of birth GBD categories; Norwegian-born women in a separate category and paternal origin Norwegian-born, foreign-born, and unregistered. Table 2. Associations between paternal origin and adverse neonatal outcomes in births to migrant women in Norway — Table 3.
Associations between paternal origin and adverse neonatal outcomes in births to Norwegian-born women in Norway — Discussion Our hypothesis that a foreign-born father of the child would be associated with an increased risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes in births to migrant women was confirmed. Supporting information. S1 Table. Associations between paternal identity and adverse neonatal outcomes in births to migrant and Norwegian-born women in Norway — References 1. World Health Organization.
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