However, because this person is athletic and fit, they will probably perform much better on other physical tasks than an individual who is less coordinated and more sedentary. Psychologist Charles Spearman helped develop a statistical technique known as factor analysis, which allows researchers to use a number of different test items to measure common abilities.
For example, researchers might find that people who score well on questions that measure vocabulary also perform better on questions related to reading comprehension. In , he suggested that this g factor was responsible for overall performance on mental ability tests.
He noted that while people certainly could and often did excel in certain areas, people who did well in one area tended also to do well in other areas. All tasks on intelligence tests, whether they related to verbal or mathematical abilities, were influenced by this underlying g factor.
There are several key components that are believed to make up general intelligence. Many modern intelligence tests measure some of the cognitive factors that are thought to make up general intelligence.
Such tests propose that intelligence can be measured and expressed by a single number, such as an IQ score. The Stanford-Binet, which is one of the most popular intelligence tests , aims to measure the g factor. In addition to providing an overall score, the current version of the test also offers a number of score composites as well as subtest scores in ten different areas. While scoring systems vary, the average score on many is and the following labels are often used for different scoring ranges:.
While the concept of intelligence is still the subject of debate within psychology, researchers believe that general intelligence is correlated with overall success in life. One of the most obvious effects of general intelligence is in the realm of academic performance.
While intelligence plays a role in academics, there has been a great deal of debate over the extent to which it influences academic achievement. Research has shown that there is a strong association between general mental ability and academic achievement, but it doesn't act on its own. This means that while general intelligence does affect how well kids do in school, other factors can play a major role.
IQ scores have long been thought to correlate to career success. This is why psychological testing has become so prevalent for pre-employment screening and career placement. Many have questioned, however, whether a general mental ability was really more important than specific mental abilities.
A study published in the Journal of Applied Psychology concluded that both general intelligence and specific mental abilities play an important role in determining career success including income and job attainment.
The importance of g factor for job success becomes greater as the complexity of the work increases. For occupations with a high degree of complexity, having a higher general intelligence becomes a greater asset. The field of cognitive epidemiology looks at associations between general intelligence and health. Just as health can play a role in influencing intelligence , a person's intelligence may have an impact on their health.
Studies have found that high IQ individuals have a lower risk of:. Research has found that people who have higher general intelligence also tend to be healthier and live longer, although the reasons for this are not entirely clear. Research also suggests that people with higher intelligence scores also tend to earn higher incomes.
While g factor has a number of effects, other variables are also important. Factors such as socioeconomic status and emotional intelligence , for example, can interact with general intelligence and play a major part in determining a person's success. The notion that intelligence could be measured and summarized by a single number on an IQ test was controversial even during Spearman's time. IQ and intelligence testing have remained topics of debate ever since.
While influential, g factor is just one way of thinking about intelligence. Some psychologists, including L.
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The method involves using varieties of test items in order to measure common abilities. For instance, a person who does well on reading comprehension tests will also perform better in verbal tests. General intelligence represented an intelligence factor underlying specific mental abilities. Meaning, all tasks compiled in intelligent tests are influenced by the general intelligence of the person. Modern intelligence tests like Stanford-Binet are thought to measure various cognitive factors that make up general intelligence.
The tests include.
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